{"id":146,"date":"2024-05-06T17:34:21","date_gmt":"2024-05-06T09:34:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/?p=146"},"modified":"2024-05-06T17:34:21","modified_gmt":"2024-05-06T09:34:21","slug":"linux%e4%b9%8bfstab%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/06\/linux%e4%b9%8bfstab%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"linux\u4e4bfstab\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

linux\u4e4bfstab\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u89e3<\/h1>\n

\/etc\/fstab\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9759\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\/etc\/\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u547d\u4ee4less \/etc\/fstab \u6765\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 vi \/etc\/fstab \u6765\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u586b\u5199\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 \/etc\/fstab<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u6838\u540d\u79f0\u6807\u8bc6\u78c1\u76d8:<\/p>\n

\/etc\/fstab\n# <file system>        <dir>         <type>    <options>             <dump> <pass>\ntmpfs                  \/tmp          tmpfs     nodev,nosuid          0      0\n\/dev\/sda1              \/             ext4      defaults,noatime      0      1\n\/dev\/sda2              none          swap      defaults              0      0\n\/dev\/sda3              \/home         ext4      defaults,noatime      0      2<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5b57\u6bb5\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n
\/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7a7a\u683c\u6216 Tab \u5206\u9694\uff1a<\/p>\n
<file system> <dir> <type>    <options> <dump>    <pass><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
  • <\/strong> - \u8981\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u533a\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907.<\/li>\n
  • <\/strong> - \u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n
  • <\/strong> - \u8981\u6302\u8f7d\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u662f\u5206\u533a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aext2<\/code>, ext3<\/code>, ext4<\/code>, reiserfs<\/code>, xfs<\/code>, jfs<\/code>, smbfs<\/code>, iso9660<\/code>, vfat<\/code>, ntfs<\/code>, swap<\/code> \u53ca auto<\/code>\u3002 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210auto<\/code>\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cmount \u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u731c\u6d4b\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5bf9 CDROM \u548c DVD \u7b49\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
  • <\/strong> - \u6302\u8f7d\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u6709\u4e9bmount \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u6709\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6709\uff1a<\/li>\n
  • auto<\/code> - \u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u6216\u952e\u5165\u4e86 mount -a<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n
  • noauto<\/code> - \u53ea\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0b\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n
  • exec<\/code> - \u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u5206\u533a\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • noexec<\/code> - \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
  • ro<\/code> - \u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n
  • rw<\/code> - \u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n
  • user<\/code> - \u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u610f\u7528\u6237\u6302\u8f7d\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u82e5\u65e0\u663e\u793a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u542f\u7528 noexec<\/code>, nosuid<\/code>, nodev<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
  • users<\/code> - \u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709 users \u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf.<\/li>\n
  • nouser<\/code> - \u53ea\u80fd\u88ab root \u6302\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n
  • owner<\/code> - \u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6302\u8f7d.<\/li>\n
  • sync<\/code> - I\/O \u540c\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n
  • async<\/code> - I\/O \u5f02\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n
  • dev<\/code> - \u89e3\u6790\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5757\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n
  • nodev<\/code> - \u4e0d\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5757\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/li>\n
  • suid<\/code> - \u5141\u8bb8 suid \u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8bbe\u5b9a sgid \u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u4e34\u65f6\u63d0\u5347\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n
  • nosuid<\/code> - \u7981\u6b62 suid \u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8bbe\u5b9a sgid \u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n
  • noatime<\/code> - \u4e0d\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a inode \u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd(\u53c2\u89c1 atime \u53c2\u6570)\u3002<\/li>\n
  • nodiratime<\/code> - \u4e0d\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55 inode \u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd(\u53c2\u89c1 atime \u53c2\u6570)\u3002<\/li>\n
  • relatime<\/code> - \u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0 inode access \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u65e9\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\uff08\u4e0e noatime \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u65ad\u5982 mutt \u6216\u5176\u5b83\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a2\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4e0a\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u540e\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd(\u53c2\u89c1 atime \u53c2\u6570)\u3002<\/li>\n
  • flush<\/code> - vfat<\/code> \u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5237\u65b0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6846\u6216\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6761\u5728\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5199\u5165\u540e\u624d\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n
  • defaults<\/code> - \u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6302\u8f7d\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 ext4<\/code> \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a:rw<\/code>, suid<\/code>, dev<\/code>, exec<\/code>, auto<\/code>, nouser<\/code>, async<\/code>.<\/li>\n
  • <\/strong> dump \u5de5\u5177\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f55\u65f6\u4f5c\u5907\u4efd. dump \u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u3002 \u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u662f 0 \u548c 1 \u30020 \u8868\u793a\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c 1 \u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5907\u4efd\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5 dump \u7684 \uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00  \u5e94\u8bbe\u4e3a 0\u3002<\/li>\n
  • <\/strong> fsck \u8bfb\u53d6  \u7684\u6570\u503c\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u662f0, 1, \u548c2\u3002 \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5e94\u5f53\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6743 1, \u5176\u5b83\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 2. 0 \u8868\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab fsck \u6240\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6807\u8bc6<\/h2>\n
    \u5728 \/etc\/fstab<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e09\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u540d\u79f0\u3001UUID \u6216\u8005 label\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 UUID \u6216\u662f label \u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728 BIOS \u4e2d\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u62d4\u63d2\u4e86\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b BIOS \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u673a\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7528 UUID \u6216\u662f label \u6765\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002\u53c2\u89c1 \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u79f0 \u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8981\u663e\u793a\u5206\u533a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf7\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
    $ lsblk -f\nNAME   FSTYPE LABEL      UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT\nsda                                                         \n\u251c\u2500sda1 ext4   Arch_Linux 978e3e81-8048-4ae1-8a06-aa727458e8ff \/\n\u251c\u2500sda2 ntfs   Windows    6C1093E61093B594                     \n\u2514\u2500sda3 ext4   Storage    f838b24e-3a66-4d02-86f4-a2e73e454336 \/media\/Storage\nsdb                                                           \n\u251c\u2500sdb1 ntfs   Games      9E68F00568EFD9D3                     \n\u2514\u2500sdb2 ext4   Backup     14d50a6c-e083-42f2-b9c4-bc8bae38d274 \/media\/Backup\nsdc                                                           \n\u2514\u2500sdc1 vfat   Camera     47FA-4071                            \/media\/Camera<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5185\u6838\u540d\u79f0<\/h3>\n
    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 fdisk -l<\/code> \u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5185\u6838\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u524d\u7f00\u662f dev<\/code>.<\/p>\n
    \u6807\u7b7e<\/h3>\n
    \u6ce8\u610f:<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684.<\/p>\n
    \u8981\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 lsblk -f<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5728 \/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 LABEL=<\/code> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\u7684\u5f00\u5934 :<\/p>\n
    \/etc\/fstab\n# <file system>        <dir>         <type>    <options>             <dump> <pass>\n\ntmpfs                  \/tmp          tmpfs     nodev,nosuid   0      0\n\nLABEL=Arch_Linux       \/             ext4      defaults,noatime      0      1\nLABEL=Arch_Swap        none          swap      defaults              0      0<\/code><\/pre>\n
    UUID<\/h3>\n
    \u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684 UUID\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7531\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u6210\u5de5\u5177 (mkfs.*<\/code>) \u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
    lsblk -f<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 UUID \u503c\u3002\/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 UUID=<\/code> \u524d\u7f00:<\/p>\n
    \/etc\/fstab\n# <file system>                           <dir>         <type>    <options>             <dump> <pass>\n\ntmpfs                                     \/tmp          tmpfs     nodev,nosuid          0      0\n\nUUID=24f28fc6-717e-4bcd-a5f7-32b959024e26 \/     ext4              defaults,noatime      0      1\nUUID=03ec5dd3-45c0-4f95-a363-61ff321a09ff \/home ext4              defaults,noatime      0      2\nUUID=4209c845-f495-4c43-8a03-5363dd433153 none  swap              defaults              0      0<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u63d0\u793a\u548c\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n
    \u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • \u5982\u679c \/home<\/code> \u5206\u533a\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56 \/home<\/code> \u5206\u533a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5148\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u628a\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 \/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d \/home<\/code> \u9879\u76ee\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u5373\u53ef\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      noauto,x-systemd.automount<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u8fd9\u6837 \/home<\/code> \u5206\u533a\u53ea\u6709\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6302\u8f7d\u3002\u5185\u6838\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 \/home<\/code> \u5206\u533a\u51c6\u5907\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u6ce8\u610f:<\/strong> \u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u4f7f \/home<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a autofs<\/code>\uff0c\u9020\u6210 mlocate \u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u52a0\u901f\u6548\u679c\u56e0\u914d\u7f6e\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf7\u81ea\u5df1\u6743\u8861\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n
      • \u6302\u8f7d\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u7406\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ec5\u60f3\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0 noauto,x-systemd.automount<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e x-systemd.device-timeout=#<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0 noauto<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u5230 \/etc\/crypttab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002systemd \u5f00\u673a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a0\u5bc6\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u5230\u8bbe\u5907\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6\u6302\u8f7d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6RAID\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a systemd \u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5230\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u7528\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \/etc\/crypttab\ndata \/dev\/md0 \/root\/key noauto<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a UUID<\/h3>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u6ca1\u6709 UUID\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 lsblk -f<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u5217\u51fa\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u7684 UUID \u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u6307\u5b9a UUID \u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \u786e\u5b9a\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\uff1a<\/p>\n
        # swapon -s<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7981\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\uff1a<\/p>\n
        # swapoff \/dev\/sda7<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u7528\u65b0 UUID \u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\uff1a<\/p>\n
        # mkswap -U random \/dev\/sda7<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u6fc0\u6d3b\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a:<\/p>\n
        # swapon \/dev\/sda7<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u8def\u5f84\u540d\u6709\u7a7a\u683c<\/h3>\n
        \u5982\u679c\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 "\\040" \u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u683c\uff08\u4ee5\u4e09\u4f4d\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u793a\uff09<\/p>\n
        \/etc\/fstab\nUUID=47FA-4071     \/home\/username\/Camera\\040Pictures   vfat  defaults,noatime      0  2\n\/dev\/sda7          \/media\/100\\040GB\\040(Storage)       ext4  defaults,noatime,user  0  0<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907<\/h3>\n
        \u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981 nofail<\/code> \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u82e5\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u800c\u4e0d\u62a5\u9519.<\/p>\n
        \/etc\/fstab\n \/dev\/sdg1    \/media\/backup    jfs    defaults,nofail    0  2<\/code><\/pre>\n
        atime \u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528 noatime<\/code>, nodiratime<\/code> \u6216 relatime<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347 ext2\uff0c ext3 \u53ca ext4 \u683c\u5f0f\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 Linux \u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528atime<\/code>\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5728\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u8bfb\u53d6\uff08\u6216\u5199\u5165\uff09\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u684c\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 atime<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u5373\u4f7f\u4ece\u9875\u9762\u7f13\u5b58\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6(\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u78c1\u76d8\u8bfb\u53d6)\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff01<\/p>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528 noatime<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982 Mutt \u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Mutt \u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528 relatime<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 relatime<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002nodiratime<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u4ec5\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7981\u7528\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u3002relatime<\/code> \u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6298\u8877\uff0cMutt \u7b49\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u65b0\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u6ce8\u610f:<\/strong> noatime<\/code> \u5df2\u7ecf\u5305\u542b\u4e86 nodiratime<\/code>\u3002\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
        tmpfs<\/h3>\n
        tmpfs \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9a7b\u7559\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u6216\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff08\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91cd\u542f\u65f6\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 tmpfs \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6709 \/tmp, \/var\/lock and \/var\/run. \u4e0d\u8981\u5c06\u4e4b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8e \/var\/tmp, \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u91cd\u542f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 tmpfs \/run<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\/var\/run<\/code> \u548c \/var\/lock<\/code> \u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9\u8001\u7248\u672c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4 \/etc\/fstab<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u7684\/tmp<\/code>\u4e5f\u662f tmpfs.<\/p>\n
        \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c tmpfs \u5206\u533a\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4f60\u603b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u503c\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c tmpfs \u5206\u533a\u5728\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u8981\u5c06 \/tmp<\/code> \u653e\u5230 tmpfs\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0b\u884c\u52a0\u5165 \/etc\/fstab<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \/etc\/fstab\n.....\ntmpfs \/tmp      tmpfs nodev,nosuid                 0 0\n.....<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u4fee\u6539 mode<\/code> \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650(1777)\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4f8b\u4e2d \/tmp<\/code> \u5c06\u6700\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u534a\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 size<\/code> \u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \/etc\/fstab\n.....\ntmpfs \/tmp      tmpfs nodev,nosuid,size=2G          0 0\n.....<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0 tmpfs \u6302\u8f7d\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001mysql \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6, ~\/.vim\/<\/code>, \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c3d\u91cf\u91c7\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u9650\u5236\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a uid \u548c gid \u52a0\u4e0a mode \u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f.<\/p>\n
        \/etc\/fstab\ntmpfs \/www\/cache tmpfs rw,size=1G,nr_inodes=5k,noexec,nodev,nosuid,uid=648,gid=648,mode=1700 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u53c2\u9605 mount<\/strong> \u547d\u4ee4 man \u624b\u518c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u91cd\u542f\u540e\u65b9\u80fd\u751f\u6548\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c mount -a<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u8bc1 lockfiles \u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c mount -a<\/code> \u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u91cd\u542f\u7535\u8111\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u6539\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 findmnt<\/code> \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u751f\u6548\uff1a<\/p>\n
        $ findmnt --target \/tmp\nTARGET SOURCE FSTYPE OPTIONS\n\/tmp   tmpfs  tmpfs  rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n
        \u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 tmpfs \u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u628a\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u653e\u5230 tmpfs \u4e0a\u65f6\u6027\u80fd\u4f1a\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5c06 Firefox Profile \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u653e\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0cFirefox \u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n
        Note:<\/strong> tmpfs \u76ee\u5f55(\/tmp<\/code>) \u6302\u8f7d\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u6389 noexec<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6709\u4e9b\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0ctmpfs \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9makepkg\u5728tmpfs\u76ee\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5728\/etc\/makepkg.conf<\/code>\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e:<\/p>\n
        $ BUILDDIR=\/tmp\/makepkg makepkg<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u5199 FAT32<\/h3>\n
        \u4e3a\u4e86\u53d6\u5f97\u5bf9 FAT32 \u5206\u533a\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/fstab<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
        \/etc\/fstab\n\/dev\/sdxY    \/mnt\/some_folder  vfat   user,rw,umask=000              0  0<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u201cusers\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u975e root \u7528\u6237\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6302\u8f7d\u6216\u5378\u8f7d\u5206\u533a '\/dev\/sdX'\u3002\u201crw\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u5219\u5206\u914d\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u201cumask\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff08umask \u662f\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u547d\u4ee4 umask=000 \u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u4e14\u6743\u9650\u4e3a777\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\uff09\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u201cman mount\u201d\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u7684 FAT32 \u5206\u533a\u5728 '\/dev\/sda9'\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u5c06\u5176\u6302\u8f7d\u5230 '\/mnt\/fat32'\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n
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