{"id":141,"date":"2023-05-26T11:17:11","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T03:17:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/?p=141"},"modified":"2023-05-26T11:17:11","modified_gmt":"2023-05-26T03:17:11","slug":"linux%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e4%b8%8e%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/2023\/05\/26\/linux%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e4%b8%8e%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Ubuntu\u5220\u9664\u670d\u52a1<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">systemctl stop [servicename]\nsystemctl disable [servicename]\nrm \/etc\/systemd\/system\/[servicename]\nrm \/etc\/systemd\/system\/[servicename] # and symlinks that might be related\nrm \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/[servicename]\nrm \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/[servicename] # and symlinks that might be related\nsystemctl daemon-reload\nsystemctl reset-failed<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u9632\u706b\u5899UFW\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<p>ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u4e86\u9632\u706b\u5899Uncomplicated Firewall\uff0c\u5373ufw\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># \u542f\u7528 ufw\nsudo ufw enable\n# \u7981\u7528 ufw\nsudo ufw disable\n# \u91cd\u542f ufw\nsudo ufw reload\n# \u67e5\u770b\u72b6\u6001\nsudo ufw status\n# \u91cd\u7f6eUFW\nsudo ufw reset\n# \u5f00\u542f\u65e5\u5fd7\nsudo ufw logging on\n# \u5173\u95ed\u65e5\u5fd7\nsudo ufw logging off\n# \u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\ncat \/var\/log\/ufw.log\n# \u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u542f\u7528\u4e86ipv6\uff0c\u4f46ufw\u6ca1\u6709\u542f\u7528\u5bf9ipv6\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6253\u5f00\u5982\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u5e76\u786e\u8ba4\u201cIPV6=yes\u201d\u540e\u91cd\u542f\u5373\u53ef\u4f7fufw\u652f\u6301ipv6\nsudo vi \/etc\/default\/ufw\nIPV6=yes<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u5f00\u542f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u542f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7b56\u7565\u5c06\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u5165\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u51fa\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u6309\u9700\u6253\u5f00\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u6216\u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9a\u7684ip\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">sudo ufw default deny incoming\nsudo ufw default allow outgoing<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1asudo ufw allow \\&lt;port>\/\\&lt;optional: protocol><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># a\u3001\u5982\u5141\u8bb8tcp\u548cudp\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a80\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d41\u5165 \u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc780\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u4e0d\u9650\u534f\u8bae\uff09\nsudo ufw allow 80\n# b\u3001\u5982\u5141\u8bb8tcp\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a80\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d41\u5165 \u5141\u8bb880\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684tcp\u534f\u8bae\u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo ufw allow 80\/tcp\n# c\u3001\u5982\u5141\u8bb8udp\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a80\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d41\u5165 \u5141\u8bb880\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684udp\u534f\u8bae\u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo ufw allow 80\/udp\n# d\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7aef\u53e3\nsudo ufw allow 7000:7200 # \u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u4e0d\u9650\u534f\u8bae\uff09\nsudo ufw allow 7000:7200\/tcp # \u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u7684tcp\u534f\u8bae\nsudo ufw allow 7000:7200\/udp # \u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u7684udp\u534f\u8bae<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1asudo ufw deny \\&lt;port>\/\\&lt;optional: protocol><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># a\u3001\u5982\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95eetcp\u548cudp\u768480\u7aef\u53e3 \u7981\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee80\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u4e0d\u9650\u534f\u8bae\uff09\nsudo ufw deny 80\n# b\u3001\u5982\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95eetcp\u768480\u7aef\u53e3 \u62d2\u7edd80\u7aef\u53e3\u7684tcp\u534f\u8bae\u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo ufw deny 80\/tcp\n# c\u3001\u5982\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95eeudp\u768480\u7aef\u53e3 \u62d2\u7edd80\u7aef\u53e3\u7684udp\u534f\u8bae\u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo ufw deny 80\/udp\n# d\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u59827000-7200\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5168\u90e8\u5173\u95ed \u62d2\u7edd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a7000~7200\uff08\u4e0d\u9650\u534f\u8bae\uff09\nsudo ufw deny 7000:7200<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3\u3001\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u4e3a\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u653e\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\">sudo ufw allow http # \u5141\u8bb8http\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u537380\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\nsudo ufw deny https # \u62d2\u7eddhttps\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u5373443\u7aef\u53e3\uff09<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\u6216\u7981\u6b62ip\u6216ip\u6bb5\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\/\u7981\u6b62\u6307\u5b9a\u7684IP\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1asudo ufw [allow\/deny] from \\&lt;ip address><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># a\u3001\u5982\u5141\u8bb8\/\u7981\u6b62\u6765\u81ea207.46.232.182\u6570\u636e\u5305\nsudo ufw allow from 208.208.208.208 # \u5141\u8bb8 208.208.208.208 \u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo ufw deny from 208.208.208.208 # \u62d2\u7edd 208.208.208.208 \u8bbf\u95ee\n# b\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\/\u7981\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0\/24 # \u5141\u8bb8 192.168.1.0\/24 \u8bbf\u95ee\nsudo ufw deny from 192.168.1.0\/24 # \u7981\u6b62 192.168.1.0\/24 \u8bbf\u95ee<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\/\u7981\u6b62\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u548cIP\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1asudo ufw [allow\/deny] from \\&lt;target> to \\&lt;destination> port \\&lt;port number><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># a\u3001\u5982\u5141\u8bb8\/\u7981\u6b62IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a192.168.0.4\u8bbf\u95ee22\u7aef\u53e3\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.4 to any port 22 # \u5141\u8bb8ip\u4e3a192.168.0.4\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee22\u7aef\u53e3\nsudo ufw deny from 192.168.0.4 to any port 22 # \u62d2\u7eddip\u4e3a192.168.0.4\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee22\u7aef\u53e3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3\u3001\u5141\u8bb8\/\u7981\u6b62\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u3001IP\u3001\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1asudo ufw [allow\/deny] from \\&lt;target> to \\&lt;destination> port \\&lt;port number> proto \\&lt;protocol name><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># a\u3001\u5982\u5141\u8bb8\/\u7981\u6b62IP\u4e3a192.168.0.4\u8bbf\u95eetcp:22\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.4 to any port 22 proto tcp # \u5141\u8bb8ip\u4e3a192.168.0.4\u7684\u901a\u8fc7tcp\u534f\u8bae\u8bbf\u95ee22\u7aef\u53e3\nsudo ufw deny from 192.168.0.4 to any port 22 proto tcp # \u62d2\u7eddip\u4e3a192.168.0.4\u7684\u901a\u8fc7tcp\u534f\u8bae\u8bbf\u95ee22\u7aef\u53e3\n# b\u3001\u4f60\u60f3\u963b\u6b62\u6765\u81ea192.168.0.8\u548c 192.168.0.9\u8bbf\u95ee22\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u7684IP\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95eetcp:22\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a\nsudo ufw deny from 192.168.0.8 to any port 22 # \u62d2\u7edd 192.168.0.8\u8fde\u63a522\u7aef\u53e3\nsudo ufw deny from 192.168.0.9 to any port 22 # \u62d2\u7edd 192.168.0.9\u8fde\u63a522\u7aef\u53e3\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.0\/24 to any port 22 proto tcp # \u5141\u8bb8 192.168.0.0\/24\u8fde\u63a522\u7aef\u53e3<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5148\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u518d\u5141\u8bb8\uff0cufw\u4f1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u7f51\u5361\u8bbe\u5907\u89c4\u5219\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u4e3aeth0\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee80\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># \u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7eth0\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee80\u7aef\u53e3\nsudo ufw allow in on eth0 to any port 80\n# \u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u5361\u8bbe\u5907\u540d\nip addr<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c4\u5219<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u89c4\u5219\u7f16\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6216\u63d2\u5165\u89c4\u5219\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># \u6309\u7f16\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u5217\u8868\nsudo ufw status numbered\n# \u5220\u9664\u7f16\u53f7\u4e3a3\u7684\u89c4\u5219\nsudo ufw delete 3\n# \u5728\u7b2c3\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u89c4\u5219 \nsudo ufw insert 3 allow from 208.208.208.208<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9645\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5220\u9664\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u76f4\u63a5\u5220\u9664\u89c4\u5219\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684tcp\u534f\u8bae\u768480\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># \u5220\u9664 deny 80\/tcp \u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\nsudo ufw delete deny 80\/tcp\n# \u5220\u9664 allow http \u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\nsudo ufw delete allow http\n# \u5220\u9664\u5141\u8bb8192.168.0.0\/24\u8bbf\u95ee22\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u89c4\u5219\nsudo ufw delete allow from 192.168.0.0\/24 to any port 22<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u516d\u3001\u7981\u6b62ping<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ufw\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5141\u8bb8 ping\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u62d2\u7eddping \uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u89c4\u5219\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p><code>sudo vi \/etc\/ufw\/before.rules<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u89c4\u5219\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u5173\u4e8eping\u7684\u89c4\u5219<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># ok icmp codes\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT\n# \u5220\u9664\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4fee\u6539&quot;ACCEPT&quot; \u4e3a &quot;DROP&quot;\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\n# ok icmp codes\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j DROP\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j DROP\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j DROP\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j DROP\n-A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Ubuntu Dpkg<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-shell\"># \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b Dpkg \u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a\n\nsudo dpkg -i # \u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a Debian \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u5982\u4f60\u624b\u52a8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\nsudo dpkg -c # \u5217\u51fa\u5305\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\nsudo dpkg -I # \u4eceDpkg\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5305\u88f9\u4fe1\u606f\nsudo dpkg -r # \u79fb\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305\u88f9\nsudo dpkg -P # \u5b8c\u5168\u6e05\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305\u88f9\u3002\u548c remove \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0cremove \u53ea\u662f\u5220\u6389\u6570\u636e\u548c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cpurge \u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7684\u914d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\nsudo dpkg -L # \u5217\u51fa \u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8bf7\u770b dpkg -c \u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e2a .deb \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\nsudo dpkg -s # \u663e\u793a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u88f9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8bf7\u770b apt-cache \u663e\u793a Debian \u5b58\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u5305\u88f9\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca dpkg -I \u6765\u663e\u793a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a .deb \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u5305\u88f9\u4fe1\u606f\nsudo dpkg-reconfigure # \u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305\u88f9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f debconf (debconf \u4e3a\u5305\u88f9\u5b89\u88c5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u914d\u5236\u754c\u9762)\ndu -sh # \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5360\u7528\u5927\u5c0f<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ubuntu\u5220\u9664\u670d\u52a1 systemctl stop &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":142,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":143,"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141\/revisions\/143"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.icfyless.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}